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A new philosophy program and tool for therapeutic analysis: The Development and Operating Systemtheory (DOS) of Human Mind Software (Mindsoft) provides humans with a graphical and textual protocol for self-control programming and monitoring (CP\M). CP\M is a natural language code used to process information, apply knowledge, execute commands, and diagnose cognitive behavior.

DOS is the pinnacle of Information Systems by NewSyllabus.org

Researches toward the application of human-readable code to the development of self control and executive command functions in human beings; to derive, from the sum of historical research methodologies and findings, main algorithms and functions that drive cognitive behavior in human beings.

Current thinking about computers and their impact on society has a been shaped by a rationalistic * tradition that needs to be reexamined and challenged as a source of understanding.

As a first step we will characterize the tradition of rationalism and logical empiricism that can be traced back to at least Plato.

This tradition has been the mainspring of Western science and technology, and has demonstrated its effect most clearly in the ‘hard sciences’ — those that explain the operation of deterministic ** mechanisms whose principles can be captured in formal systems.

The tradition finds its highest expression in mathematics and logic, and has greatly influenced the development of linguistics and cognitive psychology.

We will make no attempt to provide a full historical account of this tradition, or to situate it on some kind of intellectual map. Instead, we have chosen to concentrate on understanding its effects on current discourse and practice, especially in relation to the development and impact of computers. The purpose of this chapter is to outline its major points and illustrate their embodiment in current theories of language, mind, and action.

* Rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory “in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive {meaning the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion}”. On the other hand, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasises evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation. (Wiki)

** Determinism: relating to the philosophical doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes regarded as external to the will. A deterministic system is a system in which no randomness is involved in the development of future states of the system. A deterministic model will thus always produce the same output from a given starting condition or initial state.(Wiki)

(Winograd, Terry. Understanding Computers and Cognition. Chapter 2: The Rationalistic Tradition. Ablex Publishing. 1990. Page 14.)

There is a long history within philosophy of viewing mental and physical descriptions as applying in incommensurate domains. [In other words, mental and physical activities constitute two mutually exclusive categories.]

In approaches based on this “dualism” it is taken for granted that mental predictions (such as “X knows … Y” or “X perceives … Y”) are not expressible in terms of physical descriptions of a nervous system.

Having made this assumption, it becomes a confusion of levels to ask whether a particular activity of the nervous system is a “perception” or whether a certain state is one in which the organism ‘knows’ some ‘fact.’

Among the scientists who work in areas such as neurophysiology and artificial intelligence, however, it is a strongly held working hypothesis that there is a systematic and recurrent relationship between the two domains [of the mental and physical].

It is assumed that: “X sees a red spot” can be correlated with a particular pattern of activity in the retina and visual cortex, or that:

“John believes that Brutus killed Caesar” can be associated with a particular pattern of data in John’s brain, viewed as a computer with appropriate software and storage devices.

Few researchers adopt the naive approach of looking for immediate correlations between the mental and the physical except in peripheral functions like the image manipulation done by the retina.

Usually the argument is based on an analogy to computer programs, in which the organization of the software provides a level of ‘functional description’ that is abstracted away from the specifics of the physical implementation.

An entity counts as being explained [or ‘known’ or perceived’] when its behavior can be described in terms of a compositional analysis that postulates parts that are functionally identified—that play functionally defined roles in its operation.

(Winograd, Terry. Understanding Computers and Cognition. Chapter 4: Cognition as a Biological Phenomenon. Ablex Publishing. 1990. Pages 38-39.)

(last modified 23 June 2020)